{"id":21572,"date":"2018-12-18T16:27:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-18T15:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/?p=21572"},"modified":"2022-02-02T16:03:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T15:03:51","slug":"windmills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aronson.com\/zh-hans\/windmills\/","title":{"rendered":"\u98ce\u8f66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5230\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u662f\u8377\u5170\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u98ce\u666f\uff0c\u548c\u90c1\u91d1\u9999\u3001\u6728\u5c50\u548c\u4e73\u916a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4e\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5145\u6ee1\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u5524\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u98ce\u8f66\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u548c\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Hendrik_Cornelisz._Vroom_-_View_of_Delft_from_the_Northwest_-_WGA25411.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-13256 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Hendrik_Cornelisz._Vroom_-_View_of_Delft_from_the_Northwest_-_WGA25411.jpg\" alt=\"Hendrik_Cornelisz._Vroom_-_View_of_Delft_from_the_Northwest_-_WGA25411\" width=\"300\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u81ea1050\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u6c34\u5e73\u8f74\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u5148\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u548c\u5357\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u81ea1180\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c \u4ee5\u5782\u76f4\u8f74\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u5728\u8377\u5170\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f98\u8f73\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u98ce\u8f66\u53f6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6700\u4f73\u98ce\u5411\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u52a8\u529b\u5f97\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u98ce\u8f66\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4fbf\u5229\u98ce\u80fd\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u98ce\u529b\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u968f\u7740\u66f2\u8f74\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u98ce\u8f66\u7684\u4e2d\u8f74\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee4\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u7528\u9014\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u98ce\u8f66\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u78e8\u574a\u7528\u4f5c\u7814\u78e8\u8c37\u7269\u3001\u9999\u6599\u6216\u70df\u8349\u3001\u5728\u5236\u7eb8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7838\u788e\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3001\u952f\u6728\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u914d\u5408\u4f20\u52a8\u8f74\u4e3a\u67d3\u5e03\u623f\u6cf5\u6c34\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u9014\u3002\u98ce\u8f66\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u9676\u5668\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u78e8\u574a\u548c\u7838\u788e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u989c\u6599\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u98ce\u8f66\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u7684\u5730\u8c8c\uff0c\u98ce\u529b\u534f\u52a9\u6e05\u7406\u4f4e\u6d3c\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u79ef\u6c34\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u5f00\u57a6\u65b0\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Daniel_Vosmaer_-_The_Harbour_of_Delft_-_WGA25336.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-13237 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Daniel_Vosmaer_-_The_Harbour_of_Delft_-_WGA25336.jpg\" alt=\"Port at Delft\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u51e0\u5e45\u63cf\u5199\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u7684\u753b\u4f5c\u90fd\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u98ce\u8f66\u904d\u5e03\u7684\u98ce\u8c8c\u3002\u753b\u5bb6Hendrick Cornelisz. Vroom\uff081562\u20131640\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300c\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u98ce\u666f\u300d\uff08\u5927\u7ea61615\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u5199\u5f53\u65f6\u4ece\u897f\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u773a\u671b\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u7684\u98ce\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u89c1\u6700\u5c11\u67098\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u3002\u753b\u5bb6Daniel Vosmaer \uff081622\u20131669\uff09 \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300c\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u6e2f\u53e3\u300d\u63cf\u51991658\u5e74\u81f31660\u5e74\u95f4\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u7684\u98ce\u666f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u77f3\u78e8\u574a\u548c\u78e8\u574a\u5854\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\u6784\u56fe\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u3002\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u77f3\u78e8\u574a\u662f Rouaan\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u78e8\u574a\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u78e8\u574a\u5854\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u57ce\u5357\u90e8\u7684Bastiaensvest\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u57ce\u6c60\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u753b\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u57ce\u5899\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6728\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5728\u8377\u8bed\u53eb\u505a\u300cAardewasserijen\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u6c34\u6e90\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u662f\u7528\u6765\u51c0\u5316\u9ecf\u571f\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u9ecf\u571f\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u540e\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u9676\u6ce5\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e00\u5806\u5806\u767d\u8272\u7684\u9ecf\u571f\u6709\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e24\u8258\u8239\u5728\u6d77\u6e2f\u505c\u6cca\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u4f9b\u5e94\u5236\u4f5c\u91c9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u539f\u6599\uff1a\u6728\u6750\u3001\u9ecf\u571f\u548c\u77ff\u77f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u9676\u5668\u88ab\u8fd0\u4e0a\u8239\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8d85\u8fc715\u5ea7\u98ce\u8f66\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u540d\u4e3a\u300c\u73ab\u7470\u300d\uff08Roos\uff09\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u3002 \u4e00\u5ea7\u78e8\u574a\u81ea1352\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u51e4\u51f0\u8857\uff08Phoenixstraat\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u540d\u53ebGasthuismolen\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u73ab\u7470\u77f3\u78e8\u574a\u5219\u81ea1679\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u76f4\u81f32015\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u98ce\u8f66\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u78e8\u8c37\u7269\u3001\u71d5\u9ea6\u548c\u65af\u4f69\u8033\u7279\u5c0f\u9ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u73ab\u7470\u5de5\u573a\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u98ce\u8f66\u53bb\u78e8\u788e\u989c\u6599\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u6599\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/de-rosmolen.pennyprint.-19e-eeuw.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-13257 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/de-rosmolen.pennyprint.-19e-eeuw.jpg\" alt=\"De Rosmolen - Penny print\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u91c9\u548c\u989c\u6599\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u88ab\u8fd0\u9001\u5230\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u6750\u6599\u5728\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u7ecf\u8fc7\u90e8\u4efd\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u98ce\u8f66\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u94c5\u9ec4\uff08\u7531\u6c99\u3001\u76d0\u548c\u82cf\u6253\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff09\u7528\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u7269\u6599\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u767d\u8272\u7684\u9521\u91c9\u548c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u94c5\u91c9\uff08Kwaart\uff09\u3002 \u94c5\u9ec4\u548c\u5236\u4f5c\u9521\u91c9\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u7c89\u672b\u989c\u6599\u3001\u94dc\u586b\u5145\u5242\u548c\u9521\u7070\uff09\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u70e4\u7089\u4e2d\u3002\u94c5\u9ec4\u88ab\u878d\u5316\u52a0\u5165\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7269\u6599\u5728\u70e7\u5236\u9676\u5668\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e00\u540c\u88ab\u52a0\u70ed\u3002\u9521\u91c9\u548c\u80fd\u6e17\u6f0f\u7684\u7684\u94c5\u9ec4\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u8fd0\u9001\u5230\u98ce\u8f66\u9b54\u65b9\u4e2d\u78e8\u788e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u767d\u8272\u94c5\u662f\u94c5\u91c9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u539f\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u98ce\u8f66\u5c31\u662f\u53d6\u5f97\u767d\u8272\u94c5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u94c5\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u767d\u8272\u7c89\u672b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u98ce\u8f66\u78e8\u788e\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u767d\u57a9\u5f62\u6210\u5706\u7b52\u5f62\u7684\u767d\u8272\u94c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u6599\u53eb\u505a\u300cGoudglette\u300d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u94c5\u9ec4\u3001\u94be\u76d0\u548c\u76d0\uff0c\u662f\u653e\u5728\u70e4\u7089\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7269\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u624b\u6cd5\u548c\u9521\u91c9\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u51b7\u5374\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u91c9\u7269\u6599\u7684\u786c\u5c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd0\u9001\u5230\u98ce\u8f66\u78e8\u6210\u7c89\u672b\u3002\u628a\u91c9\u78e8\u6210\u7c89\u672b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u4ee5\u9a6c\u5339\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u78e8\u574a\u7684\u4e2d\u8f74\u6709\u4e00\u5339\u6216\u591a\u5339\u9a6c\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u9a6c\u5339\u88ab\u7ed1\u4e0a\u80cc\u5e26\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6728\u6761\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u9a71\u52a8\u78e8\u574a\u7684\u4e2d\u8f74\u884c\u8d70\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5370\u753b\u63cf\u5199\u9a6c\u5339\u9a71\u52a8\u78e8\u574a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002Ham\u5de5\u573a\u662f\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u78e8\u574a\u7684\u9676\u5668\u5de5\u573a\u3002 \u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u57ce\u7684\u5927\u578b\u98ce\u8f66\u4e5f\u8d1f\u8d23\u78e8\u788e\u91c9\u7684\u5de5\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u8f66\u78e8\u574a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u7acb\u7684\u5706\u5f62\u5927\u77f3\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5927\u77f3\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u77f3\u91cd\u7ea65\u81f37\u5428\uff0c\u628a\u77ff\u77f3\u548c\u77f3\u5757\u78e8\u788e\u6210\u77f3\u7070\u3001\u7ea2\u571f\u548c\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u8d6d\u77f3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u78e8\u574a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5927\u77f3\uff08\u4e00\u4e9b\u78e8\u574a\u751a\u81f3\u62e5\u6709\u5408\u5171\u56db\u5957\u5927\u77f3\uff09\uff0c\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u623f\u95f4\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u989c\u8272\u800c\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u94c1\u7ea2\u5ba4\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9ec4\u5ba4\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6bd2\u5ba4\u300d\u3002\u300c \u6bd2\u5ba4\u300d\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4f5c\u51c6\u5907\u5e26\u6709\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u989c\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u767d\u8272\u94c5\u548c\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Detail-Kaart-figurratieg-Delft-1678-de-haven.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14351 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.aronson.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Detail-Kaart-figurratieg-Delft-1678-de-haven.jpg\" alt=\"Detail-Kaart-figurratieg-Delft-1678-de-haven\" width=\"300\" height=\"381\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u78e8\u574a\u4e5f\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u989c\u6599\u8377\u8bed\u79f0\u4e3a\u300cKleine verven 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